“We’re now deeply into the unverifiable regime that I warned about.”
Google’s headline number for Willow is 10^25 years of classical compute. Drop the memory limits and the same benchmark takes about 300 million years, and nobody can check the output directly either way. The real result is a 105-qubit chip whose logical qubit gets better as the surface code grows from 3x3 to 7x7. Google’s own Sergio Boixo puts the real milestone at fault-tolerant two-qubit gates with errors near one in a million. Willow’s physical gates still fail about three times in a thousand.