“Ross was using Thomson Reuters’s headnotes as AI data to create a legal research tool to compete with Westlaw,” Judge Bibas wrote.

A judge ruled ROSS infringed by training its AI on 2,243 Westlaw headnotes and rejected fair use. He had left the question for a jury in 2023, then changed his mind. ROSS shut down in 2021 from litigation costs. The precedent lands on a company that is already dead.