“Economic pressures and incentive structures often compel them to continue working under conditions that may jeopardize their health, safety, and well-being.”

The platforms already have the weather data. They use it to raise prices during storms. What they do not use it for is telling a courier to stop riding in lethal heat, because the algorithm’s job is to keep deliveries moving. Glovo floated a 2 to 8 percent heat bonus in Italy and killed it after backlash. Researchers tracked 730 workers in Delhi through the summer and found they kept working through the worst of it to hit earnings targets. The forecasting got smarter. The incentives did not change at all.