“If Chen’s result can be improved upon, then quantum algorithms could render obsolete an entire generation of “post-quantum” lattice-based schemes, forcing cryptographers and industry back to the drawing board.”
Yilei Chen’s preprint claims a quantum algorithm for lattice problems, the math under NIST’s chosen post-quantum schemes. As written it misses Kyber and Dilithium, and it is not peer-reviewed. The industry spent years betting the next generation of encryption on lattices being hard for quantum computers. One unreviewed paper was enough to show how thin that bet is.