“Google is developing the framework to let you run Debian in a virtual machine on your Android device.”
The Terminal app ships inside the Android Virtualization Framework and talks to a Debian VM over a local IP address. Google tested it on the Pixel Tablet and Pixel 9 Pro XL, not just Chromebooks. Chromebooks got Linux so developers could run Android Studio. Android still cannot officially run the tools used to build it, and the best guess for a fix is next year’s Android 16.