“In this new release, the restrictions around certificate authority (CA) certificates become significantly tighter, and appear to make it impossible to modify the set of trusted certificates at all, even on fully rooted devices.”
Google launched Android in 2007 as an “open platform” with “complete access to handset capabilities.” Android 7 split the CA store in 2016 and left users a list almost no app reads. Root was the last workaround, and Android 14 closes it. Researchers lose the ability to see what apps send, and the apps lose a witness.